Biobased Epoxy Resins available at SPECIFIC POLYMERS

Biobased thermosets

DATE

August 2024

Sustainable Supply Chain for SPECIFIC POLYMERS’ Resins

As part of its commitment to sustainable development, SPECIFIC POLYMERS is dedicated to building an eco-responsible supply chain, focusing on the development of bio-based epoxy resins. Over the years, SPECIFIC POLYMERS has been a pioneer in offering high-quality epoxy resins derived from renewable resources, including those made from various vegetable oils (SP-3S-30-005; SP-3S-30-006) and cardanol (SP-3S-30-007). While these eco-friendly alternatives suit many applications, their thermomechanical performance often falls short compared to traditional DGEBA-based resins 

That’s why SPECIFIC POLYMERS has invested heavily in developing advanced bio-based resins using aromatic or cycloaliphatic synthons to deliver the level of performance expected by industry professionals. 

Biobased DGEVA is now available 

Biobased vanillin, with an annual production of 26,000 tons, is primarily sourced through two key processes: the guaiacol-to-vanillin route (accounting for 80-85% of production) and the lignin-to-vanillin route (covering 15-20%). Additionally, other innovative processes enable vanillin production from alternative bio-based precursors, including guaiacol, ferulic acid, eugenol, curcumin, and glucose. 

Vanillin production from alternative bio-based precursors

It is important to mention that recent studies on vanillic alcohol and DGEVA have confirmed their lack of endocrine-disrupting effects, highlighting their potential as safe and effective alternatives to DGEBA and BPA.[1] 

[1] Caillol, S. et al. Understanding glycidylation reaction for the formation of pure mono, diglycidyl and dual monomers as glycidyl methacrylate of vanillyl alcohol. Appl Polym Sci 140, e53596 (2023). 

SPECIFIC POLYMERS has been actively exploring these pathways to identify the most promising resources for producing bio-based DGEVA. In 2023–2024, SPECIFIC POLYMERS successfully achieved the first production batches of bio-based DGEVA. This innovative product is now available in two versions: DGEVA BIO (100% bio-based) and DGEVA BIO 4 (40% bio-based). DGEVA BIO is available up to 1kg and DGEVA BIO4 up to 5kg.

It’s worth highlighting that the biobased grades offer properties equivalent to their petro-based counterpart (SP-9S-5-005). They are solids that melt at approximately 50°C to 60°C and exhibit relatively low viscosity at 60°C to 80°C (10–50 cP·s). The typical epoxy index ranges from 6.8 to 7.5 meq/g, corresponding to an EEW of approximately 135–150. Moreover, when formulated with appropriate hardeners, they can reach glass transition temperatures ranging from 50°C to 150°C.

Biobased DGEVA - DGEVA BIO & DGEVA BIO4

DGEVA BIO4 – Biobased content: 40%

DGEVA BIO – Biobased content: 100%

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Biobased PHTE – Phloroglucinol triglycidyl ether

The triglycidyl ether of phloroglucinol (PHTE) is a BPA-free epoxy resin designed for high-performance thermoset materials. With its three epoxy groups, it enables high crosslinking density, making it ideal for demanding applications.

PHTE is a yellow to slightly orange, viscous liquid with a viscosity ranging from 25,000 to 100 cP·s between 30°C and 80°C. Its epoxy index typically falls between 7.2 and 8.5 meq/g, corresponding to an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of 120–140. When cured with suitable hardeners, it can achieve glass transition temperatures from 100°C to over 200°C.

PHTE is now also available in a 60% bio-based version and can be supplied in quantities up to 5 kg. Bulk orders are available upon request.

Bio-based PHTE

PHTE BIO6

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Biobased DGEI – Diglycidyl Ether of Isosorbide 

Isosorbide is derived from glucose, a well-known decomposition product of starch. In the initial step, glucose undergoes hydrogenation to form sorbitol. This sorbitol is then dehydrated, with two sorbitol molecules condensing to create isosorbide. The process typically involves acid-catalyzed cyclization and water removal, resulting in isosorbide’s distinctive bicyclic diol structure. At SPECIFIC POLYMERS, we convert isosorbide into a high-quality epoxy resin, featuring a biocarbon content of 50-55%. This innovative product is available for purchase in quantities ranging from 5g to 25g. 

This product is a water-soluble, colorless liquid at room temperature. Its viscosity ranges from 170 cP.s to 10 cP.s as the temperature shifts from 25°C to 80°C, making it an excellent reactive diluent for epoxy formulations thanks to its optimal flow properties across this temperature spectrum. The typical epoxy index is ranged in between 7.0 and 7.7 meq/g (EEW of approximately 130-145). DGEI is of interest as a viable biobased reactive diluent for epoxy resin formulation. 

Bio-based DGEI

DGEI BIO5

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Biobased RTGE – Resveratrol triglycidyl ether

Resveratrol is a renewable phenolic compound that can be transformed into high-performance epoxy resins offering outstanding properties such as high glass transition temperatures (Tg) and intrinsic flame-retardancy [1,2]. It can be sourced from food waste, notably from the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts.

Thanks to its multifunctionality and unique chemical structure, Resveratrol Triglycidyl Ether (RTGE) represents a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional DGEBA-based epoxy systems.

SPECIFIC POLYMERS now offers both a petrobased and a 60% bio-based version of RTGE, available at the 10 to 50 g scale for proof-of-concept validation.

Biobased RTGE

RTGE BIO6

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Bisphenol-free epoxy resins

SPECIFIC POLYMERS is deeply committed to researching and developing epoxy resins free from bisphenol and has been involved in these efforts for many years. SPECIFIC POLYMERS also propose Bisphenol-free epoxy resin from lab to pilot scale. Read our last article: “Bisphenol-free epoxy resins to substitute DGEBA”

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Analytical support: Thermo-mechanical and Rheological characterizations

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